Powtoon is a free tool that allows you to develop cool animated clips and animated presentations for your website, office meeting, sales pitch. The two theories are sets of propositions and beliefs about human nature. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Xteacher and theory yteacher aboluays anas musings. In his 1960 management book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. Mcgregors theoryx and theoryy what is human resource. Theory x and theory y framework proposed by mcgregor in his classic book the human side of enterprise 1960 consists of two alternative set of assumptions. In the 1960s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Douglas mcgregor proposed two models of trust that formed the basis of two different managerial approaches, one based on a positive view of subordinates and one based on a negative view. Perception of management toward the employees in the banking industry of bangladesh article pdf available november 2017 with 9,339 reads. Kopelman professor of management baruch college david j.
Mcgregor s theory x and theory y incorporate both internal and external work motivation and management. Five organization behavior model and mcgregor s theory x and theory y 1. Although nearly 50 years have passed since mcgregor s initial formulation of theory x and theory y, the substantive validity of his theorizing on the effects of individual differences in. Theory x and theory y management oxford bibliographies. Prottas assistant professor of management adelphi university anne l. According to mcgregor, theory x seeks to promote engagement by directing, monitoring. However, he found that an organisation driven solely by theory y could not succeed, as some sense of. Theory x is propounded by mcgregor, which indicates a set of assumptions, that an average worker is motivated to satisfy their own needs and not to contribute to the fulfilment of organisational goals. Theory x and theory y published in the sage encyclopedia of management theories. Theory x percieves employees to be lazy, irresponsible and untrustworthy, while according to theory y employees are approached as one of the most valuable assets of the company. I knew instinctively that mcgregor s assessment of the traditional view management, which he names theory x, was true because i had worked in x environments for years, trying to run y divisions. Professor douglas mcgregor highlighted that there is a significant relationship between motivation and leadership among people. Mcgregors theory x and theory y theory of motivation.
Douglas mcgregor s theory x and theory y as a basis for understanding and improving motivation in the business world can be directly applied to the science classroom. Theory x and theory y are considered as theories of human motivation at the workplace. Free xy theory test tool personal and organizational pdf. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y free download as pdf file.
Mcgregor promoted theory y as the basis of good management practice, pioneering the argument that workers are not merely cogs in the company machinery, as theory x type organizations seemed to believe. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. Douglas mcgregor, one of maslow s students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature theory x and theory y the theory x management style is based on a pessimistic view of. Using mcgregor s theory y as a framework for improving student motivation. Many theorists support that mcgregor s theory considers the field of management from a new angle, indicating a strong influential value. Theory x and theory y of management represent two fundamental approaches to employee engagement carson, 2005. The points given below are substantial, so far as the difference between theory x and theory y is concerned. It means that management and employees are jointly benefited without manipulation of one party by the other. Douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
By highlighting theory y, he hoped instead to achieve an abandonment by management of the limiting assumptions of theory x and a consideration of the techniques involved with theory y. Indicates whether the situation and management style is the x or y style. Theory x and theory y in 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. Mcgregor s sets forth two alternative views of human nature first view are called theory x and theory y of motivation.
Mcgregor himself held to the belief that theory y assumptions were more valid than theory x. Xy theory questionnaire score the statements 5 always, 4 mostly, 3 often, 2 occasionally, 1 rarely, 0 never to indicate whether the situation and management style is x or y. Mcgregor developed two theories of human behaviour at work. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit. Motivation, theory x and y, classroom, management manager and organisation introduction douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous theory x and y in his book the human side of enterprise in 1960. Theory into practice abraham maslow viewed mcgregor as a mentor. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs. He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor. Many years ago a professor named douglas mcgregor dubbed these perspectives theory x and theory y. Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Pdf theory x and theory y type leadership behavior and its. Mcgregors theory is also from are one of those theories that comprise much influence on both the management and the employee. Either theory x or theory y assumptions may be appropriate in a particular situation.
His major writings are cited along with two volumes which were actually published several years after his death by bennis, caroline mcgregor. Pdf application of mcgregors theory x and theory y. He summarized the findings of the hawthorn experiment by introducing both theory x and theory y. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management.
The purpose of this paper is to trace douglas mcgregor s theory y thinking back from pre. Theory x and theory y are still referred to regularly in the fields of management and motivation. His work showed that thoughts and beliefs might influence behavio. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Davis colonel tooele army depot douglas mcgregor s landmark book, the human side of enterprise 1960, changed the path of management. Comparative analysis of theory x, theory y, theory z, and theory.
Theory x management style generally get poor results compare with managers use theory y, which produces better performance and results, and allows people to grow and develop. First, there has been a failure to distinguish between theory x y attitudes and theory x y behaviors. This theory was developed by douglas mcgregor in 1950s at mit. Under theory x the firm relies on money and benefits to satisfy employees lower needs, and once those needs are satisfied the source of motivation is lost. Mcgregor s x y theory is a natural rule for managing people.
Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and practice by. Pdf leadership style and organizational performance have been researched extensively. Mcgregors theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Douglas mcgregor theory x theory y motivation selfimprovement. Theory x and theory y team management training from. Theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the. The three prior studies that have made this distinction were recently conducted solely to develop constructvalid measures of both. Theory x and theory y of motivation explain with examples. They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s.
Do you care about the goals of the organization that you work for, or do you focus more on getting a regular paycheck to bring home. Introduced by douglas mcgregor, theory x and theory y talk about the diverging views that exist about how organizations function. He was a strong supporter of theories x and y, and he put theory y that people want to work, achieve and take responsibility into practice in a californian electronics factory. Five organization behavior model and mcgregors theory x. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a lecturer at harvard university and became the first sloan fellows professor at mit his theory x and theory y was detailed in the human side of enterprise, published in 1960.
Difference between theory x and theory y with comparison. Mcgregors theories x and y introduction to business. Social psychologist mcgregor s theoryx and theory yof mit expounded two contrasting theories on human motivation and management in the 1960s. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. Differences between theory x and theory y difference between. X teacher and theory y teacher in the 1960s, douglas mcgregor from mit came up with the theory x and theoryy to describe styles of managers. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. Theory x and theory y were part of mcgregor s philosophy of management, which represented a fundamental change in management thought and practice. Page 1 of 10 the effect of an effective organizational behavior system is to produce motivation. There is no evidence to confirm that either set of assumptions is valid.
How are mcgregor s theories x and y and ouchis theory z used to explain worker motivation. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as theory x and theory y management. Rather, he saw the two theories as two extremes with a whole spectrum of possible behaviours in between. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s x y theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. Abstract what motivates you to do a great job when you go to work. The negative view he called theory x and the positive view he called theory y. In the human side of enterprise mcgregor recognised that theory y was not a panacea for all ills. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y. Douglas mcgregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour. My boss asks me politely to do things, gives me reasons why, and invites my suggestions. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory.
Alan chapman 200108 based on douglas mcgregors xy theory. Theory x and theory y, given by mcgregor, are explained below with the main assumptions of each theory. X and consider using the techniques suggested by theory y. It is important to note that both theory x and theory y are based on the argument that there are specific approaches to managing people based on their traits. He did not imply that workers would be one type or the other. Theoryx and theoryy management applicationbusiness implications for workforce motivation. The theory x and theory y are the theories of motivation given by douglas mcgregor in 1960s. The idea behind using letters x and y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. Mcgregor s six assumptions of theory y and his ideas of integrating individual and organization goals are congruent with the main planks in.
1032 924 193 195 595 14 466 1500 545 1120 1245 516 11 180 598 152 156 489 1394 725 850 592 1128 1141 1192 1305 604 1275 721 66 775 934 1476 1301 754 1386 900 1452 1377 785 1229 980